READING ANCIENT ROMAN COINS

The names of the months used in the Jewish and the Arabic calendar, for example, still recall the name used in Mesopotamia before around four thousands of years, as Adar is the last month of the year and Nisan is the first month in the spring. A second good example of the short in the years from the region of counter-marks on the SC-coins of Antiochia by Augustus and Tiberius, and on Caligula (37-41 CE). Both in Antioch and in Alexandria, coins of Galba was minted in the years 1 and 2 (Fig. 1). This means that the count of the second year started, somewhere between 9. June and 15. January. This, however, would be a shift in the start in the second Actian year 1. October 30 BC (in accordance with Action of the year, 29 spans the years 3-2 BC). Reverse text is referring to Antioch, the metropolis with autonomy: ANTIOCEWN METROPOLEWS AUTONOMOU Sold Forum Ancient coins nr. GB59689. As some in the year, the first caesarean section year must have been to create a short that fit with the coin data. It means the reign of Galba in the first Alexandrian year lasted only from 9. June to 29 August, in the vicinity of 3 months, while in the 2. Year lasted from August 29 to 15. January, about 4.5 months. It took some time, the news of the death of Nero reached Alexandria. Forum sells Old coins nr. RP06833. The coin of Augustus, with the cesarean section 63 also mentions the year 44 of the Actian era. The first coins of Galba minted in Antioch, as the last of the coins of Nero, referred to the caesarean section year 116. This era, referred to the moment, in Antioch, an Autonomous city of Julius Caesar, after Pompey defeated at the battle of pharsalus in the summer of 48 BC. For the coins, minted in Alexandria, it is assumed 29. August the start date for the Alexandrian New year, and 30 August, all 4 years. Forum sells Old coins nr. SH 11413. A major source of confusion sometimes, short first year. Interesting Nero, who tries in 65 CE, the name of the month of April, after he suggest as a Neroneus what, some kind of personal reference. Then the question is, what is the rotation schedule for the years of Nero was, apparently, somewhere in the summer. This reduces the time for the start of the caesarean section the New year up to 9. June - 17 September. Fig 4. Bronze coin of Tiberius, minted in Antioch. Forum sells Old coins nr. RP10739. Fig 6. A tetradrachm of Nero, minted in Antioch, with the back references to the year of the Emperor ( ETOY S) - section 111 ( AIP) and the regnal year 9 ( Q ).

As I said when the first caesarean section year 48 v. ended in the beginning of August, ad, of the 116 th caesarean section a year starting in early August 67 CE and the end of the beginning of August, 68 CE. This may explain why the relationship between year 1 and 2 is approximately 1:1 for 19 Alexandrian tetradrachm Forum sells Old coins. To summarize, the proposed New year begins in August, both cesarean section (beginning of August), and Actian (end of August ), to generate a consistent explanation for the different year systems, on coins of Antioch. And the start must have been to be only a few days or weeks earlier, in accordance with the date of the last coin of Augustus mentioned. Different dating systems existed in the ancient times have been used alongside each other, creating confusion and misunderstandings. Octavia civil war of 68 - 69 Galba, Otho, Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Domitia of The adoptive emperors Nerva Trajan, Plotina, Sabina, Hadrian Aelius Antoninus Pius Faustina senior, Combined with a short first caesarean section-year, which can explain very well why a cesarean section 1 year coins were not minted to be part of what is a continuous minting of coins in Antioch seems. While in the modern Western calendar, start on 1. January, of the Hebrew religious calendar, for example, begins in the spring.

To be expected In this case, more and more couples in the years for a caesarean section year would be, as the example of the in years 9-10 for caesarean section year 111. An important note, is cut by a tetradrachm, minted for Augustus in Antioch, the Emperor-year of 29. To summarize, a consistent pattern is obtained when assuming a start of the Actian New year in the second half of August and the beginning of the Caesarian era in the first half of August. In the new series, Antioch presented itself as Autonomous city and referred to the caesarean section year (Fig 3.). The next note is a rare Tetra offers drachma of Augustus, minted in Antioch and dated to the cesarean section 63. An early start, as proposed, is therefore much more likely. Fig 5. A tetradrachm of Nero, minted in Antioch, with the back references to the year of the Emperor ( ETOY S ) section 112 ( GDP) and the shelf year 10 ( I). It is unfortunate that Galba soon moved from may to government in year 1 due to his short reign, dated on the switch to the caesarean section in the year 117. Dated coins of Nero and the short additional reigns of Galba and Otho, fit into this reconstruction. As the two appear to be the years 1 and 2 often on the market, a Start-date, comparable with the Alexandrian area is likely to be. This was another dating-system, to the victory of Augustus at Actium on 2. September 31 BC. And at the same time, this research will contribute to a better understanding of the chronological significance of the dated coins.